Toppenish () is a city in Yakima County, Washington, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,949. It is located within the Yakama Indian Reservation, established in 1855.

Toppenish calls itself the Town of Murals, as it has on peak of 75 murals adorning its buildings. The first, “Clearing the Land”, was painted in 1989, and the city hosts horse-drawn tours and annual art events. All historically skillfully depict scenes of the region from 1840 to 1940.

All territory set a limit for the Yakama Reservation by the Treaty of 1855 was held communally in the read out of the tribe. None of the land was individually owned. The deal of 1855, between the United States government, representatives from thirteen new bands, tribes, and Chief Kamiakin, resulted in the Yakama Nation relinquishing 16,920 square miles (43,800 km²) of their homeland. Prior to their ceding the land, only Native Americans had lived in the area.

For a period they were not much disturbed, but the railroad was constructed into the area in 1883. More white settlers migrated into the region, looking for cultivation land, and associated the ranchers in older settlements next the Columbia River.

The General Allotment Act of 1887 (known as the Dawes Act) was allocation of federal legislation intended to force fascination to European-American ways by Native Americans. Specifically, it was expected to crack up the communal tribal estate of Native American reservations and allot portions to individual households of tribal members, in order to support subsistence farming in the European-American style and familiarity bearing in mind western conceptions of property. Lands confirmed excess by the handing out to this allotment were straightforward for sale to anyone, and European Americans had been demanding more house in the West for years. Under changing conditions, Native American landowners were to be allowed to sell their plots.